Lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) as a ternary cathode material for lithium ion batteries
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LiCoO2 is a kind of black powdery inorganic compound with chemical formula LiCoO2. It is widely used as cathode material for small consumer lithium batteries such as 3C, UAV and start-up power supply. Its theoretical capacity is 274mah / g, and its actual capacity is 135-140mah / g. LiCoO2 has three structures: layered structure HT-LiCoO2 and spinel structure LT- LiCoO2, rock salt phase LiCoO2, lithium battery cathode materials are mostly layered LiCoO2, with two layered structure, which is suitable for lithium ion de intercalation.
During charging, Li + comes out of the positive LiCoO2, enters the negative electrode and embeds into the carbon.
Cathode: LiCoO2=Li1-xCoO2+xLi++xeˉ
Negative electrode: 6C+xLi++xeˉ=LixC6
During the discharge, Li + is removed from the negative carbon and embedded into the positive electrode to form LiCoO2
Cathode: Li1-xCoO2+xLi++xeˉ=LiCoO2，
Negative electrode: LixC6=6C+xLi++xeˉ
Advantages of LCO:
1. Excellent processability
2. The product has stable performance and good consistency
3. High tap density is helpful to improve the specific capacity of the battery
4. Excellent electrochemical performance, high working voltage, smooth discharge and good cycle performance.
Disadvantages of LCO:
1. The actual capacity of LiCoO2 is about 140 mAh / g, only about 50% of the theoretical capacity (274 mAh / g).
2. In the process of repeated charge and discharge, the structure of the active material changes after multiple shrinkage and expansion due to the repeated insertion and removal of lithium ions, resulting in the increase of internal resistance and decrease of capacity of LiCoO2.
3. The cost is high and the price fluctuates with the International Co.Product Details
Item Unit Standard Typical Chemical
CompositionsLi % 7.0±0.4 7.01 Co % 60.0±1.0 59.62 Impurity Fe ppm ≤100 32 Ni ppm ≤100 8 Na ppm ≤200 41 Cu ppm ≤50 1 Partical Size Distribution D10 μm ≥3.00 4.52 D50 μm 9.00±2.00 9.05 D90 μm ≤25.00 16.22 Dmax μm ≤50.00 24.8 XRD Lattice Type / Actual / pH / 10±0.25 10.32 Moisture ppm ≤500 390 BET Surface Area ㎡/g 0.25±0.10 0.24 Tap Density g/m³ ≥2.5 2.86 1st Discharge Capacity mAh/g ≥188.0 192.8 1st efficiency % ≥92.0 96.2 SEM
Powder compaction 
Rate discharge performance 
Cycle retention at room temperature 
High temperature cycle retention 
Thickness change during high temperature storage
Change of internal resistance in high temperature storage
High temperature storage residual capacity 
High temperature storage capacity recovery 
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